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Craiova (, formerly spelled '''Krajova''') is a Romania n city, the capital of the county of Dolj , situated near the left bank of the river Jiu . Craiova is the chief commercial city west of Bucharest . The city of Craiova is situated in the middle of Oltenia ( one of the Southern regions of Romania ), on the Jiu Valley. It is strategically positioned between the Carpathian Mountains and the rivers Danube and Olt . There are many Orthodox Church es in the city, as well as a Catholic Church . HISTORY Craiova, which occupied the site of the Dacian and Roman city Pelendava, was formerly the capital of Little Wallachia (Oltenia). Its ancient '' Ban s'' or military governors were, next to the princes, the chief dignitaries of Walachia, and the district is still styled the "banat of Craiova". Among the holders of this office were Michael The Brave ( 1593 - 1601 ), and several members of the celebrated Bassarab family or the Craiovesti family. The ''bans'' had the right of Minting money stamped with their own effigies, and hence arose the name of bani (centimes). In 1395 Craiova was probablly the scene of a victory won by Prince Mircea over Bayezid I , sultan of the Turks. Frequently named "town" after the first half of the XVI century, Craiova was always regarded as an important economic region of Romania. The Austria n domination in Oltenia during 1718-1739 caused a considerable worsening of the economical and financial situation, thus leading to a strong movement of the outlaws and even to opposing actions of the nobility towards the Habsburg administration. Between the years 1770-1771, Craiova, the city of the Banship, carried on the duty of being the capital of Wallachia. Wallachia's last two rulers, Grigorie Dimitrie Bibescu and Barbu Dimitrie Stirbei , were given by another great aristocratic family in Craiova - the Bibescu family. The inhabitants of this part of country took part to all the important moments of Romanian history. In 1821 the inhabitants of the nowadays Dolj county joined the revolution led by Tudor Vladimirescu in great numbers. In 1848, Nicolae Bălcescu , Gheorghe Magheru , Ion Heliade Rădulescu and the citizen of Craiova Costache Romanescu took the leadership of the provisional government. The and Corabia , where the Headquarters of the Romanian troops carried on their activity. The period following the Independence War was a time of economical and cultural progress. As a result, at the end of the ninetenth century, in the 40,000-inhabitants city of Craiova, there were small factories and workshops of textiles, chemical products, farming machines and construction materials. During World War I the people of the Dolj county fought hard against the foreign occupation, many of them giving their lives for the 1918 reunification of Romania. The period between the two World Wars can be characterized by an economy preponderantly based on farming, situation that slowed the process of industrialization and led to the development of a social class of important landowners, people who invested their fortunes in magnificent palaces, banks and commercial companies. After the Second World War , the machine industry, the food industry, the chemical industry, the light industry, the construction materials industry, the electrotechnic industry, the drilling and mining industry and also the aeronautical industry developed quickily. POLITICS The Craiova Municipal Council, elected in the 2004 local government elections, is made up of 27 councillors, with the following party composition: ECONOMY A proof of the continuous demographic development of Craiova is the increase of the urban population:In 1735 there were over 4000 inhabitants (836 families),and figure rose to 25,000 inhabitants in 1859.By the end of the 19th century it rose above 40 000 inhabitants. In the year 1910 Craiova's population numbered 51,400 inhabitants, which was the second city after the capital. Statistics of subsequent years are listed as follows:
During the first two decades of the 19th century, Craiova was characterized by economic flourishment, increasing interest of its inhabitants in the handicraft commercial (trade) field, and public services. During the Czar ist rule (1828-1834), Craiova underwent important economic development. In 1832 there were 595 shops, from which 197 made of wood and 398 made of brick (wall). The city was still the commercial center of Oltenia; Craiova exported cereals (grains), furs (skins), animals etc. to in Austria and Turkey. Around 1860, there were 4 633 buildings in Craiova, from which 3220 houses, 26 churches, 11 school, 60 factories and work shop. There were about 90 industrial establishments from which 12 mills, 3 beer factories, 2 gas and oil factories, 4 tanning yards and 2 printing works. Statistics mention the existence of 57% from the total number of handicraftsmen of county Dolj in Craiova (1088 handicraftsmen, 687 journeymen and 485 apprentices). On October 26, 1896, the power station from Craiova began to function (with AEG -Allemeine Elektricitats- Gesellschaft Equipments) having an installed power of 310 CP and which supplied 365 lamps on 39 sheets in a net that was 30 km length. Craiova was the first Romanian city supplied with electric power on the bases of internal combustion motors. In 1900 Craiova had 43.1% of industrial units of Oltenia, counting 924 industrial concerns (include 20 big industry establishments, hiring 1078 workers). In 1925 there were 40 big Industry establishments and in 1930 there were 5530 workers. The Banking trade also developed at the beginning of the 20th century (there were 6 banks and 2 exchange houses already). In the period between the two wars, Craiova situated in an eminently agrarian region with little Industrialization . The number of people who chose the industrialized way was very small. In 1939 there were in Craiova 7 industrial units with over 100 workers: Cloth Industry "Oltenia", "Scrisul Romanesc" were well-known all over the country and abroad. Since 1960 the city has become a powerful industrial center: the construction of machines and equipment industry, aeronautic industry, chemical industry, food industry, building materials industry, electrotechnical industry, extractive industry, power industry. The Revolution from the 1989 brought many important changes in the economic field, by setting up the Free Market and by decentralizing the management of all national economic sector. The spirit of property was enforced by the liberalization of private initiative and by the privatization of some goods that had belonged exclusively to the State. The working population - about 110,000 persons - is distributed in the following way: 38% in the industrial field, 15% in the trade and repair field, 10% in the transport and depositing field, 8% in the education field, 5.7% medical field. TOURISM For the tourist visiting the Dolj county 1,100 accommodation places in hotels, inns, motels and villas are available. Besides historical sights, the architectural and art monuments lure the tourists to visiting Dolj, a stroll through the "Romanescu" Park becomes compulsory, as the Park is an architectural landscape monument and it is considered to be the most beautiful in the country and the largest in Europe. SOURCES
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