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CAN was specifically designed to be robust in electromagnetically Noisy environments and can utilize a Differential Balanced Line like RS-485 . It can be even more robust against noise if Twisted Pair wire is used. Although initially created for automotive purposes (as a Vehicle Bus ), nowadays it is used in many embedded control applications (e.g., industrial) that may be subject to noise. Bit Rate s up to 1 Mbit/s are possible at networks length below 40 M . Decreasing the bit rate allows longer network distances (e.g. 125 Kbit/s at 500 m). The CAN data link layer protocol is standardized in ISO 11898-1 (2003). This standard describes mainly the Data Link Layer — composed of the Logical Link Control (LLC) Sublayer and the Media Access Control (MAC) Sublayer — and some aspects of the Physical Layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model . All the other protocol layers are left to the network designer's choice. DATA TRANSMISSION CAN transmits data through a binary model of "dominant" bits and "recessive" bits where dominant is a logical 0 and recessive is a logical 1. If one node transmits a dominant bit and another node transmits a recessive bit then the dominant bit "wins" (a Logical AND between the two).
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