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The Communist Party of El Salvador and the four other parties continued to exist as separate organizations under the umbrella of the FMLN throughout El Salvador's civil war from 1980 to 1992.

When the Salvadoran civil war ended in 1992 , the FMLN became a legal political party and began to compete in elections. After the 1994 elections, the Communist Party and the four other parties that comprised the FMLN dissolved themselves as separate organizations, merging into a singular FMLN with no competing internal organizations. At that point the Communist Party of El Salvador ceased to exist as an independent entity, though many of its leaders and members are still visible in the FMLN. For example, former Communist Party leader Schafik Handal was the FMLN's presidential candidate in the 2004 elections.

The Communist Party was founded by Miguel Marmol in the 1930s. During the Salvadoran civil war from 1980 to 1992, Schafik Handal was the leader of the Communist Party. Prior to him, Cayetano Carpio was the CP leader in the 1960s, before leaving the CP to form the FPL and launch the armed struggle against the dictatorship in 1970.