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Historically, they were also the Clergy of the city of Rome serving the Pope as the Bishop of Rome and were assigned duties in Parish es of the city. The College has no ruling power except during the '' Sede Vacante '' period, where its powers are still extremely limited according to the Apostolic Constitution '' Universi Dominici Gregis ''. The Dean Of The College Of Cardinals and the Sub-Dean are the President and Vice-president of the college. Both are elected by the cardinals holding Suburbicarian Diocese s, but the election requires Papal confirmation. Except for presiding, the Dean has no power of governance over the cardinals, instead acting as '' Primus Inter Pares ''. The Secretary Of State , the prefects of the Congregation s of the Roman Curia , the Camerlengo Of The Roman Catholic Church , the Vicar General of Rome, and the Patriarchs Of Venice and Lisbon are always Cardinals, with few, generally temporary, exceptions. CHOOSING THE POPE Since January 1 , 1971 , cardinals over the age of 80 have not had a vote in papal election, under the terms of Pope Paul VI 's ''motu proprio'' Ingravescentem Aetatem. The rules for the election of the pope are now those stated in '' Universi Dominici Gregis '', published by Pope John Paul II on 22 February 1996 . It now states that cardinals over the age of 80 at the day the see become vacant do not have a vote in the papal election. Although the rules of the Conclave explicitly say the Pope need not be chosen from among the ranks of the Cardinals (in theory ''any'' male Roman Catholic may be elected Pope), that has been the norm since the election of Pope Urban VI in 1378 . MEMBERS OF THE COLLEGE OF CARDINALS The following is the list of Cardinals as of March 2006. Cardinals are shown in order of precedence, based on seniority by date of appointment. Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan is considered the most senior member of the College by length of service, as he was listed first of those surviving from the 1969 consistory. However, Angelo Cardinal Sodano , as dean of the College of Cardinals, has the highest precedence as a Cardinal Bishop.
There are three ranks of Cardinals: Cardinal Bishop s, Cardinal Priest s, and Cardinal Deacon s. Almost all Cardinals are also Bishop s. Cardinals of the Order of Bishops Titular Bishops of seven suburbicarian sees
Patriarchs of Oriental Rites
Cardinals of the Order of Priests Appointed by Pope Paul VI Consistory of 28 April 1969
Consistory of 5 March 1973
Consistory of 24 May 1976
Appointed by Pope John Paul II Consistory of 30 June 1979
Consistory of 2 February 1983
Consistory of 25 May 1985
Consistory of 28 June 1988
Consistory of 28 June 1991
Consistory of 26 November 1994
Consistory of 21 February 1998
Consistory of 21 February 2001
Consistory of 21 October 2003 Note 1
Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI Consistory of 24 March 2006
Cardinals of the Order of Deacons Cardinal Deacons have the right to become Cardinal Priests after ten years as Cardinal Deacons, with the rare exception of Cardinals who are not Bishops. All living former Cardinal Deacons created prior to 1998 have exercised this right. Appointed by Pope John Paul II Consistory of 21 February 1998
Consistory of 21 February 2001
Consistory of 21 October 2003 Note 1
Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI Consistory of 24 March 2006
NOTES ''), which would have taken effect if the appointment had been announced before the Pope's death. There was press speculation that it was his senior personal secretary, Stanisław Dziwisz or else resided in the Mainland of the People's Republic Of China . However, on April 6 2005 it was revealed by the Vatican spokesman that Pope John Paul II had not announced the name of this cardinal before witnesses prior to his death and that the appointment was therefore null. of the People's Republic Of China . However, as of February 2006 the Holy See recognises the Republic Of China (Taiwan) as the sole legitimate government of ''China''. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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