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Coastal artillery appeared in Europe almost as soon as the introduction of Cannon s during the 16th Century ; when a colonial power took over an overseas territory, one of their first tasks was to build a coastal fortress, both to deter rival naval powers and to subjugate the natives. During the 19th Century China also built hundreds of coastal fortresses in an attempt to counter Western naval threats. Coastal artillery could be part of the Navy (as in Scandinavia n countries), or part of the Army (as in Anglophone countries). In the United Kingdom , coastal artillery was the responsibility of the Royal Garrison Artillery . In the the role of the U.S. coastal artillery was shifted from anti-ship to anti-aircraft with the advent of the Airplane and airpower. The advent of Jet Aircraft and Missiles means that coastal artillery is becoming obsolete, and as a result both fixed and mobile coastal artillery units worldwide are gradually being disbanded. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS
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