Cleavage (crystal) Article Index for
Cleavage
 

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Cleavage (crystal)




  • Basal cleavage: cleavage parallel to the base of a crystal, or to the plane of the lateral axes. This occurs quite easily in Graphite , making the material feel slippery.


  • Cubic cleavage: cleavage parallel to the faces of a Cube . This is the source of the cubic shape seen in crystals of ground Table Salt (sodium chloride).


  • Diagonal cleavage: cleavage parallel to a diagonal plane.


  • Lateral cleavage: cleavage parallel to the lateral planes.




This is of technical importance in the Electronics industry and in the cutting of Gemstone s. While precious stones are generally cleaved by impact, man-made single crystals of Semiconductor materials are generally sold as thin Wafer s which are much easier to cleave. Simply pressing a Silicon wafer against a soft surface and scratching its edge with a Diamond scribe is usually enough to cause cleavage; however, when dicing a wafer to form chips, a procedure of scoring and breaking is often followed for greater control. The vast majority of commercial semiconductors (Si, , GaAs , InSb , etc.) are Diamond Cubic , a Space Group for which octahedral cleavage is observed. This means that some orientations of wafer allow near-perfect rectangles to be cleaved.


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