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Chernivtsi (; , Ukraine , capital of the Chernivtsi Oblast . HISTORY See also Bukovina#History Archeological data prove that the Chernivtsi area was populated from Neolithic times. Settlements of Trypillian Culture and artifacts from Corded Ware Culture , later Bronze and Iron ages are numerous in the city and surroundings. Cultural layer belonging to early Slavic Tribes in Chernivtsi dates to 2nd - 5th centuries, settlements of Chroatian tribes and Tiverians from 9th - 11th centuries are present. A fortified settlement at the place of today's Chernivtsi (at the left shore of Prut River ) existed already at the times of Principality Of Halych and is thought to be built by Prince Yaroslav Osmomysl (ruled 1153 - 1187 ). Legendary accounts call this fortress-city "''Chern'''", or "Black city", and is said to owe its name to the black colour of Oak wood layered with the Chernozem that were used for the city walls. {Link without Title} The stronghold was destroyed during the Mongol Invasion Of Rus' by the hordes of Burundai in 1259 , and people moved to higher right side of the Prut River . The remaining ramparts continued to be used for defense. In the Seventeenth Century they were augmented with several bastions, one of which still exists. From 1359 the region became a part of the Principality Of Moldavia . The first written mention of Chernivtsi is found in business correspondance of the Prince Alexandru Cel Bun with Merchant s from Lviv and is dated at October 8 , 1408 . The city received the Magdeburg Rights . ]] From 1775 , Czernowitz was a part of the Duchy of Bukovina Crownland of the Austrian Empire . When Austria-Hungary was dissolved in 1918 , the city with the surrounding area were occupied by the Kingdom Of Romania , which controlled it until 1940 , when it was occupied by the Red Army and attached to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the USSR . In the beginning of the Axis Attack On The Soviet Union in the Second World War Romania took control of the city ( 1941 ) along with much of the southern Ukraine, but as the Axis Armies were driven out by the Soviet Army, the city returned to the Soviet control ( 1944 ). From 1950 the Romanian population in Chernivtsi declined rapidly, quickly becoming a minority. When the Soviets took over Bukovina, many Romanians fled to Romania or were deported to Siberia , where most of them died. Since 1991 , it is has been part of independent Ukraine . The Romanian minority in Chernivtsi continues to decrease through Cultural Assimilation and immigration to Romania. Chernivtsi was the site of the first Yiddish Language conference coordinated by Nathan Birnbaum . DEMOGRAPHICS street]] In 1930, according to the Romanian census, the population of the city was 26.8 % Jewish , 23,2% Romanians , 20.8% German 18.6% Ukrainians and 1.5% Russians. The population of the city, estimated in January 1, 1998 , was approximately 295,000 residents. Among these, there are some 172,000 Ukrainians , 46,000 Russians , 16,000 Romanians , 13,000 Moldavians , 7,000 Poles , and others. According to the data of the All-Ukrainian population census of 2001 the population of Chernivtsi is approximately 236,700 people of 65 nationalities. Among these numbers are Ukrainians , 189,000 (79,8%); Russians , 26,700 (11,3%); Romanians , 10,500 (4.4%); Moldavians , 3,800 (1.6%), Polish 1,400 (0,6%); Jews , 1,300 (0,6%); and others, 2,900 (1,2%). In Romania , the city is considered to have an illustrious history as one of Romania's greatest cultural and educational centres. In May 1999 , Romania opened its Consulate General in the city. Chernivtsi is a major point of railway and highway crossings in the region, has an airport. PERSONALITIES Natives
Residents
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