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The ''Carabinieri'' is the shortened (and common) name for the '''''Arma dei Carabinieri''''', an Italian military corps of the Gendarmerie type with Police functions, which also serves as the Italian Military Police "Carabinieri" are not only military police. Historically, a ''Carabiniere'' was a Cavalry or Soldier armed with a Carbine . Their motto is ''Nei Secoli Fedeli'' (Faithful for the Centuries). Their mission was to control the crime and to serve the comunity through respect for the Law. HISTORY The corps was created by King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia , with the aim of providing Piedmont with a police corps similar to the French Gendarmerie . Previously, police duties were managed by the ''Dragoni di Sardegna'' corps, created in 1726 and composed of volunteers. After French soldiers had occupied Turin at the end of the 18th Century and later abandoned it to the Savoy family, the corps of ''Carabinieri Reali'' was instituted under the ''Regie Patenti'' (Royal Patent) of July 13 , 1814 . Both a military and a police corps, the ''Carabinieri'' have fought in every conflict in which Italy has been involved, suffering heavy losses and being awarded many decorations for gallantry. The ''Carabinieri'' are particularly proud of the memory of Brigadier Salvo D'Acquisto , who was executed by the Germans in Palidoro , near Rome , in World War II , having exchanged his life for the lives of innocent citizens due to be executed in retaliation for the murder of a German soldier. Brigadier D'Acquisto falsely claimed responsibility and was shot for the offense. The history of the ''Carabinieri'' is replete with other such actions and the corps is nicknamed ''La Benemerita'' (the Meritorious). ]] The ''Carabinieri'' recently became an armed force (alongside the Army , Navy and Air Force ), thus ending their long standing as the first corps (''Arma'') of the Army (''Esercito''). It is likely that Carabinieri will continue to be referred to as the ''Arma'' by Antonomasia , unrivalled in popular affection and national pride. In recent years ''Carabinieri'' units have been dispatched all over the world in Peacekeeping missions, including in Kosovo , Afghanistan and Iraq . In 2004 twelve ''Carabinieri'' were killed in a Suicide Bomb attack on their base in Nasiriyah , near Basra , in southern Iraq, the largest Italian military loss of life in a single action since the Second World War . At the Sea Islands Conference of the G8 in 2004 , the Carabinieri was given the mandate to establish a Center Of Excellence For Stability Police Units (CoESPU) to spearhead the development of training and doctrinal standards for civilian police units attached to international peacekeeping missions. ORGANIZATION Chain of command The corps is headed by the ''Comando'', consisting of the '' Comandant e Generale'' (a General ), the ''Vice-Comandante Generale'' (a Lieutenant General ) and the Headquarters Staff. Territorial organization The ''Carabinieri'' are organised on a territorial basis. There are five Zones (commanded by Lieutenant Generals), fourteen Regions (commanded by Major General s) and 104 Provinces (commanded by Brigadier General s or Colonel s). At a local level, in medium city there are Companies, commanded by a "Capitano" ( Captain ), an in small towns there are Stations, commanded by a "Maresciallo" (Italian for Warrant Officer , not " Marshal "). Special organizations Specialized units also exist, such as the '' Nucleo Tutela Patrimonio Artistico '' (specializing in the protection of artwork and in the recovery of stolen paintings) and the Mobile Command, consisting of twelve Mobile Regiment s. The ''Carabinieri's'' elite Counter Terrorism unit is the '' Gruppo Di Intervento Speciale '' (GIS), which has the same training as the NOCS of the '' Polizia Di Stato '', but has wider duties as the ''Carabinieri'' are also responsible for military policing (so only the GIS is involved when military installations are under threat) and may be sent abroad on peacekeeping or enforcement duties. The '' Corazzieri '' (Cuirassiers) are an elite corps and are the honor guard of the President Of The Republic . They are distinguished by their uniforms and height (the minimum height for admission is 190cm, or 6 feet 3 inches). THE ''CARABINIERI'' IN ITALIAN CULTURE Many Film s and Tv Series have featured the ''Carabinieri'', even acting as protagonists. ''Racconti del Maresciallo'', ''La Tenda Nera'', ''Il Maresciallo Rocca'' and ''Carabinieri'' are some of the titles that have been produced, mainly by the RAI Fiction division, in the last few years. In January 2005, the private television network ''. Carabinieri are also the traditional aim of puns and jokes. SEE ALSO EXTERNAL LINKS ] |
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