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Cap
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Capricorni
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the Horned Goat
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21
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−20
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414
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40th
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1
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δ Cap (Deneb Algedi)
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30
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Capricorniden-Sagittariids" class="copylinks">Capricorniden-Sagittariids
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"http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Piscis_Austrinus" class="copylinks">Piscis Austrinus
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60
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90
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September
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( or , Unicode: ♑), a name meaning "
Horned Goat " or "That which has horns like a goat's" in
Latin , is one of the
Constellation s of the
Zodiac . It is commonly called '''Capricorn''', especially in
Astrology . It is commonly called the sea-goat, as it is in an area of the sky known as the
Sea . Capricornus is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by
Ptolemy . Under its modern boundaries it is bordered by
Aquila ,
Sagittarius ,
Microscopium ,
Piscis Austrinus and
Aquarius .
This constellation is the dimmest in the zodiac besides
Cancer . Its brighter stars are found on a triangle whose vertices are
α Cap (Giedi),
δ Cap (Deneb Algiedi), and
ω Cap .
This constellation is one of the oldest to have been identified, possibly the oldest, despite its dimness. Since it falls in an area of the sky known as the sea, it became considered a sea-goat (in the same sense as a
Sea-maiden ). Depictions of a goat or goat-fish have been found on
Babylon ian tablets dating back three thousand years. The constellation may owe its antiquity to the fact that at that time, the northern hemisphere's
Winter Solstice occurred while the sun was in Capricorn. The concern for the sun's rebirth might have rendered astronomical and astrological observation of this region of space very important.
For the same reason, the sun's most southerly position, which is attained at the northern hemisphere's winter solstice, is now called the
Tropic Of Capricorn , a term which also applies to the line on earth where the sun is directly overhead at noon on that solstice.
Due to early Greek beliefs that
Sin accumulated throughout the year, causing the darkness to increase, together with the sun's descent and pause at the Solstice, the ancient Greeks referred to this area of sky as ''the Augean Stable'', where they considered the sun ''stabled'' during the year. The cause of the association with the location or name of ''Augeas'' is not currently known. However, during the classical period of Greek history, this name gradually fell out of use.
Due to the
Precession of the equinoxes, the December solstice no longer takes place while the sun is in Capricorn, but the astrological period called Capricorn begins at approximately the same time as the solstice.
The planet in
September .
This constellation is sometimes identified as
Amalthea , the goat that suckled the infant
Zeus after his mother
Rhea saved him from being devoured by his father
Cronos in
Greek Mythology . The goat's broken horn was transformed into the
Cornucopia or horn of plenty. Some ancient sources claim that this derives from the sun "taking nourishment" while in the constellation, in preparation for its climb back northward.
However, the constellation is often depicted as a sea-goat, a goat with a fish's tail. One myth that deals with this says that when the goat-god
Pan was attacked by the monster
Typhon , he dove into the
Nile ; the parts above the water remained a goat, but those under the water transformed into a fish.
In
Sumeria , the constellation was associated with the god
Ea or
Enki , who brought culture out of the sea to humankind.
The constellation, together with its early greek name, associated ideas about sin, and the constellation of
Aquarius , who was said to have poured out a river, may represent the origin of the myth of the
Augean Stable , which forms one of
The Twelve Labours of
Herakles .
The constellation is located in an area of sky called the
Sea or Water, consisting of many watery constellations such as
Aquarius ,
Pisces , and
Eridanus .
The Western
Astrological Sign Capricorn of the
Tropical Zodiac (
December 22 -
January 19 ) differs from the astronomical constellation and the Hindu astrological sign of the
Sidereal Zodiac (
January 19 -
February 15 ).
In some cosmologies, Capricorn is associated with the
Classical Element Earth , and thus called an Earth Sign (with
Taurus and
Virgo ). It is also one of the four
Cardinal Sign s (along with
Aries ,
Cancer , and
Libra ). It is the
Domicile of
Saturn and the
Exaltation of
Mars . Its polar opposite is Cancer. Each astrological sign is assigned a part of the body, viewed as the seat of its power. Capricorn rules the
Knee s,
Bones , and
Skin . The ancient symbol of this sign is the
Sea Monster , which harks back to the time in antiquity when Capricorn was considered a water sign and not an earth sign. The symbol for this eventually changed to that of a
Seagoat , which is a mythological creature that has the head and upper body of a goat and the lower body of a fish, and this was an attempt to meld the watery qualities that this sign originally possessed with the earthly qualities that astrologers wanted it to acquire. In modern times the symbolism for this sign has evolved once again, with astrologers doing away with the figure of the seagoat altogether in favour of the
Mountain Goat , which has almost eradicated the watery themes that once encompassed this sign.
The stars of the constellation Capricorn can be connected in an alternative way, which graphically shows a
Goat .
The goat's head is formed by the triangle of stars
Iota Capricorni ,
Theta Capricorni , and
Zeta Capricorni . The goat's horn sticks out with stars
Gamma Capricorni and
Delta Capricorni . Star delta Capricorni, at the tip of the horn, is of the third magnitude.
The goat's tail consists of stars
Beta Capricorni and
Alpha Capricorni : star beta Capricorni being of the third magnitude.
The goat's hind foot consists of stars
Psi Capricorni and
Omega Capricorni . Both of these stars are of the fourth magnitude.
- H. A. Rey, ''The Stars — A New Way To See Them''. Enlarged World-Wide Edition. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1997. ISBN 0-395-24830-2.
:Stars with proper names:
- ( β Cap )
- : < سعد الذابح ''sacd að-ðābiħ'' Luck of the slaughterer/sacrificer
- (9/β Cap) 3.05
- (β2 Cap) 6.09
- ( 10/π Cap ) 5.08
:Stars with Bayer designations:
::
34/ζ Cap 3.77;
23/θ Cap 4.08;
32/ι Cap 4.28;
43/κ Cap 4.72;
48/λ Cap 5.57;
51/μ Cap 5.08;
2/ξ Cap 5.84;
1/ξ2 Cap 6.34;
12/ο Cap — double 5.94, 6.74;
11/ρ Cap 4.77;
7/σ Cap 5.28;
14/τ Cap 5.24;
13/τ1 Cap 6.76;
15/υ Cap 5.15;
25/χ Cap 5.30;
28/φ Cap 5.17;
16/ψ Cap 4.13;
18/ω Cap 4.12;
36/b Cap 4.50;
46/c Cap 5.10;
24/A Cap 4.49
:Stars with Flamsteed designations:
::
3 Cap 6.30;
4 Cap 5.86;
17 Cap 5.91;
19 Cap 5.78;
20 Cap 6.26;
27 Cap 6.25;
29 Cap 5.31;
30 Cap 5.40;
31 Cap 7.18;
33 Cap 5.38;
35 Cap 5.78;
37 Cap 5.70;
41 Cap 5.24;
42 Cap 5.16;
44 Cap 5.88;
45 Cap 5.96;
47 Cap 6.00
