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Caldwell is a Borough located in northwestern Essex County , New Jersey , about sixteen miles outside of New York City . As of the United States 2000 Census , the borough had a total population of 7,584. Though today the Caldwell area is considered to be a suburb of both Newark and New York City, the area originally developed as its own individual, self-contained town and economy rather than as urban sprawl from a larger city. When it was formed, a few miles of woods separated downtown Caldwell from Newark or any of its developing suburbs. GEOGRAPHY Caldwell is located at 40°50'20" North, 74°16'37" West (40.838932, -74.277033). According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 3.1 Km&2 (1.2 Mi&2 ). 3.1 km&2 (1.2 mi&2) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. DEMOGRAPHICS As of the Census of 2000, there were 7,584 people, 3,311 households, and 1,814 families residing in the borough. The Population Density was 2,460.7/km&2 (6,396.4/mi&2). There were 3,396 housing units at an average density of 1,101.9/km&2 (2,864.2/mi&2). The racial makeup of the borough was 91.22% White , 2.27% African American , 0.11% Native American , 4.06% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 1.20% from Other Races , and 1.08% from two or more races. 4.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 3,311 households out of which 23.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were Married Couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.2% were non-families. 38.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.93. In the borough the population was spread out with 18.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 32.9% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 82.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.6 males. The median income for a household in the borough was $61,250, and the median income for a family was $81,989. Males had a median income of $53,548 versus $40,543 for females. The Per Capita Income for the borough was $34,630. 4.8% of the population and 2.5% of families were below the Poverty Line . 2.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. GOVERNMENT Local government In 1892 , the Borough of Caldwell was incorporated. Its legislative body consists of a mayor and a Borough Council of six people. This body makes town policy, appropriates town money, and passes ordinances. The government establishes committees that help make decisions. Also, the mayor appoints, with consent of the council, to the boards of planning, library, Health and Local Assistance boards, in addition to the Environmental Commission, Zoning Board, the Senior Citizen's Advisory Council, and Local Defense Council. The Borough’s Chief Administrator is also appointed by the mayor to oversee the municipal staff, which includes the Borough Clerk. This person maintains all records of the government, issues permits and licenses, and registers our voters. The council is elected by the population of Caldwell. The Mayor of Caldwell is Paul G. Jemas. Members of the Borough Council are Council President Susan H. Gartland, Anthony Cavalieri, Ann Dassing, Joseph Debellis, John Taylor, Jr. and Bradford White. Caldwell and West Caldwell share a great deal of services, including the Recreation Department and the school system. The Board of Recreation Commissioners of the Boroughs of Caldwell and West Caldwell was established in 1947. Federal, state and county representation Caldwell is part of New Jersey's 27th Legislative District and is in the Eleventh Congressional District. EDUCATION The Caldwell-West Caldwell Public Schools system, which was consolidated in 1872 , is an organization of four elementary schools, one middle school, and a high school, serving students from Caldwell and West Caldwell . Washington, Jefferson, and Wilson elementary schools are located in West Caldwell. Lincoln Elementary is located in Caldwell. These schools begin with Kindergarten and end with fifth grade. There are four school districts within the two towns. Each district encompasses one school. There is no choice of elementary school, although special arrangements can be made. For instance, Jefferson School is the only elementary school with contained classrooms for special education children. Also, the school system will allow students who have moved into a different district to stay at the first school with a parent's request. All four districts attend Grover Cleveland Middle School in Caldwell from grade six to eight. This group moves to James Caldwell High School in West Caldwell from grades nine to twelve. In accordance with New Jersey state law that requires towns to bus students to school if they live further than 2 miles, the high school was built, in the early 1960s to ensure that it was within a 2 mile radius of all households in both towns. Previously, Grover Cleveland Middle School in the center of Caldwell had been Grover Cleveland Junior High School and High School, but its distance more than two miles from the outer neighborhoods of West Caldwell require that several students from the Wilson School area are bused to it. For this reason, the older, non-centrally located building became the towns' middle school and the current high school was built to be within reasonable walking distance to all students' houses. The area is home to Caldwell College , located on 9 Ryerson Avenue. HISTORICAL INFORMATION In 1702, settlers purchased the 14,000 acre (57 km&2) Horse Neck Tract from the Lenni Lenape Native Americans for goods equal to $325. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the First Mountain to the Passaic River . Caldwell is located in the center of the Horse Neck Tract. Settlement began about 1740 by Thomas Gould and Saunders Sanders. The Horse Neck Tract consisted of modern day Caldwell, West Caldwell, North Caldwell , Fairfield , Verona , Cedar Grove , Essex Fells , Roseland , and portions of Livingston and West Orange . This land was part of the larger purchase and referred to as the Horse Neck Tract until February 17 , 1787 , when the town congregation voted to change the name to Caldwell, in honor of the Reverend who pushed for their organization’s creation. Caldwell Borough contained what is today the towns of West Caldwell and Caldwell. Soon after, the area of Caldwell Township just to the east of Caldwell Borough between Caldwell Borough and Montclair (present-day Verona and Cedar Grove) decided to follow Caldwell's lead and incorporated itself as its own borough, Verona. Some of the already-developed eastern neighborhoods of Caldwell Township chose to become part of Montclair, as it was a rapdily developing suburb of Newark and Paterson. At around the same time, the area north of Caldwell Borough became its own town, North Caldwell. The ritzy, wooded area directly to the south of downtown Caldwell Borough became Essex Fells. Meanwhile, the farmland to the south of the western portion of Caldwell township attempted to become its own municipality known as South Caldwell. This failed, as much of developed sections of that area lied on its southernmost and easternmost borders, along the expanding Newark suburbs of Livingston and West Orange respectively. Those areas were engulfed by those two towns once they became incorporated municipalities of several small villages and developments. This left only the most rural farmland south of Caldwell Borough and Essex Fells to become its own township, Roseland. At this point, all that remained of the original Caldwell Township was a large piece of undeveloped land in the northwestern-most part of Essex County; eventually, in the early 1950s, Caldwell Township changed its name to Fairfield in order to avoid being confused with Caldwell Borough. Immediately following the separation of the original Caldwell, the western part of Caldwell Borough generally remained less developed than downtown Caldwell Borough and contained several farms and a large area of undeveloped swampland known as Hatfield Swamp. However, two individual settlements, known as Franklin and Westville, soon formed in the western part of Caldwell Borough. As development increased and population grew in the western part of Caldwell, the town's more rural western population and more urban east often could not reconcile their differences. This led to the areas of Franklin and Westville consolidating into their own township known as West Caldwell in 1904, leaving only the one square mile of original downtown Horseneck development as the borough of Caldwell. Lewis G. Lockward was elected the first mayor of Caldwell. In 1929, a failed attempt to consolidate the three Caldwells was rejected by voters. Caldwell Borough became Caldwell Township in the 1980s. To this day, the town of Caldwell remains by far the most urbanized, densely populated, and ethnically, racially, and income-diverse in the West Essex area. However, the other former Horseneck areas, including West Caldwell, are now almost entirely devloped as well, but generally retain a more suburban feel. Grover Cleveland , the 22nd and 24th President Of The United States , and the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms, was born in Caldwell, New Jersey on March 18 , 1837 . His father, Rev. Richard Cleveland, was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. The Grover Cleveland birthplace -- the church's former rectory -- is now a museum and is open to the public. TRIVIA Many famous historical people have visited Caldwell. George Washington and his staff made their way through the town during the Revolution. They stopped at the old stone house of Saunders Sanders, one of the two people to settle the original area, for lunch. Also, Marquis De Lafayette visited in 1824. The town held a celebration party at the Crane Tavern. During the 1928 Presidential campaign, Herbert Hoover visited the Grover Cleveland Birthplace with his wife. Moreover, Tom Washington, a golf pro played at the nine hole course on Prospect Street by the Monomonock Inn. And of course, Grover Cleveland lived the first four years of his life in Caldwell. There were also many interesting events. In October 1897, a severe fire ripped through a large portion of Bloomfield Avenue, destroying buildings in its wake. These buildings were replaced, in part, by the Hasler Building, opposite the Presbyterian Church. This became the town’s first brick building. In 1914 , during a Fourth of July fireworks celebration, a bomb fell, injuring twenty people. The town Church’s raised funds to supplement the medical bills of the injured. In 1968, the town’s historic cannon was stolen off the town green. The cannon was given to the town by Colonial Peter Decatur in 1824 . In 1971, NBC-TV spotlighted the town as part of its footage on suburban traditions for Memorial Day. On July 14, 1974, the landmark Park Theatre was destroyed in a fire. In 1976, the town celebrated its bicentennial anniversary. EXTERNAL LINKS
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