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The official rules of calcio were published for the first time in 1580 by a certain Giovanni Bardi . Just like Roman Harpastum , it was played in teams of 27, using both feet and hands. Goals could be scored by throwing the ball over a designated spot on the perimeter of the field. The playing field is a giant sand pit with a goal running the width of each end. There is a main referee, six linesmen and a field master. Each game is played out for 50 minutes with the winner being the team with the most points or 'cacce'.

Originally, calcio was reserved for rich aristocrats, who played every night between Epiphany and Lent . In the Vatican , even Popes, such as Clement VII , Leo IX and Urban VIII were known to play.

Today, three matches are played each year in Piazza S. Croce, in the 3rd week of June.


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