| Birch Bark Document |
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| CATEGORIES ABOUT BIRCH BARK DOCUMENT | |
| novgorod republic | |
| slavic culture | |
| manuscripts | |
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RUSSIAN CULTURE , Novgorod ; photograph]] Russian birch bark writings (, ''berestyanaya gramota'') are dated to 11th — 15th centuries. The first one was found on , Smolensk , Torzhok , Pskov , Tver , Moscow , Ryazan , Zvenigorod Volynsky ( Ukraine ), Vitsebsk ( Belarus ), Mstislavl (Belarus). These findings considerably changed the understanding of the cultural level of East Slavs of these times. About a hundred Stylus es have also been found, mostly made of Iron , some of bone or Bronze . Most of the birch bark documents are ordinary letters by various people written in what is called Old Novgorod Dialect , most probably the Vernacular . The letters are of a personal or business character. A few documents are written in Old Church Slavonic . In 2003 it was announced that a birch bark with a part of a known work of Cyril Of Turaw had been found in Torzhok. The late discovery, as well as the state of preservation, of the bark is explained by deep culture layer in Novgorod (down to 8 meters (25 feet)) and heavy waterlogged Clay soil which prevented the access of Oxygen . Serious excavations in Novgorod started only in 1932, although some attempts had been made in the 19th Century . The existence of birch bark books was mentioned in some old East Slavic Manuscript s. , Oldest known Karelian language text. (First half of 13th Century )]] Oldest Finnic language text Document number 292 from the Novgorod excavations found in 1957 is the oldest known document in any Finnic language. The document is dated to the beginning of the 13th century. The language used in the document is thought to be an archaic form of the language spoken in Olonets Karelia , a dialect of the Karelian language. {Link without Title}
INDIA Some Gandharan Buddhist Texts have been found written on birch bark and preserved in clay jars. SEE ALSO
REFERENCES
EXTERNAL LINKS The University of Chicago Slavic Department has a page with a number of photographs of Birch bark documents and Old Novgorodian artifacts. |
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