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This article is about the behaviorist technique. For the Cognitive Therapy , see Behavior Therapy Behavior modification is a technique of altering an individual's reactions to Stimuli through Positive Reinforcement and the Extinction of Maladaptive Behavior . While founded in Behaviorism , Behavior modification has long been used by Psychotherapist s, Parent s, and Caretaker s of the Disabled , generally without any underlying behaviorist philosophy. It involves the most basic of methods to alter human behavior, such as Reward and Punishment , Aversion Therapy , Reinforcement , and even Biofeedback . The Cultivation of Life Skills are often a central focus. Analysis of the patients thoughts are not required, but many non-behaviorists feel the therapy can be powerfully improved with such Cognitive Analysis . Punishment is also frowned upon in many contexts, with Extinction of Conditioned Reflexes often in its place. A major focus of behavior modification is giving compliments, Approval , encouragement and Affirmation ; a ratio of five compliments for every one complaint is found to be most effectual in altering another's behavior in a desired manner.Kirkhart, Robert and Evelyn, "The Bruised Self: Mending in the Early Years", in Kaoru Yamamoto (ed.), ''The Child and His Image: Self Concept in the Early Years''. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1999). "What predicts change in marital interaction over time? A study of alternative models." ''Family Process'', 38 (2), 143-158. Behavior-based approaches to improving , behavior and consequence (ABC). According to behavior modification theory, worker behavior may be influenced by systematically reinforcing the right behavior until a new habit if formed. From a sociological point-of-view, if punishment is too harsh or the withholding of rewards is too harsh, the subject may seem to be corrected of the maladaptive behavior by scientific measurements, but if a bad example is set -- as described in Social Learning Theory . This bad example and the bad feelings that are a result, as in causing an affective disorder (i.e. an emotiional disorder), the subject could cause the re-infliction of punishment as a chain reaction in society. The punishment and the bad feelings that result may spread through society and be the cause of a contagious reaction referred to as Social Illness . There is a cost associated with caretakers having more breaks and longer breaks, but not to do this has a cost too. We have to consider False Economy . It is very costly to our societies if people are treated badly by those in authority. It is very costly if Corrections Officers are over-stressed. Similarly, those that work in our psychiatric in-patient institutions need to be well-chosen by Human Resource departments. In addition, they also need to have frequent breaks and need to have sufficient manpower to control their patients without resorting to detrimental behaviors, that might be a bad example to the patients, who might propogate these bad behaviors to society upon their eventual release. SEE ALSO
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