Information AboutBanat |
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The Banat ( (the counties of Timiş , Caraş-Severin , Arad , and Mehedinţi ), the western part in Serbia And Montenegro (the Serbian Banat, mostly included in the Vojvodina , except for a small part included in Central Serbia ), and a small northern part in Hungary ( Csongrád county). The Banat is a part of the county in Romania . NAME The term ''Banat'' designated a frontier province governed by a Ban (the -at suffix is either Latinate , or Turkic like the Title itself (brought by the Sarmatians - Cf. Sultan / Sultanate , Emir / Emirate , Caliph / Caliphate , and Khan / Khanate )). There were several banats in the Kingdom Of Hungary , such as the banats of Dalmatia , of Slavonia , of Bosnia and of Croatia ; these disappeared during the course of the Turkish Wars . But when the word is used without any other qualification, it indicates the Timişoara Banat , which strangely acquired this title after the Treaty Of Passarowitz ( 1718 ), though it was never governed by a ban. GEOGRAPHY Romanian Banat with Romanian Banat highlighted]] On 29 July 1929 , the existing counties formed the Timiş Province: Timiş-Torontal, Caraş-Severin, Arad, and Hunedoara. On 6 September 1950 , the province was replaced by the Timişoara Region (formed by today's counties Timiş and Caraş-Severin ). In 1956, the southern half of the existing Arad Region was incorporated to the Timişoara Region. In December 1960 , the Timişoara Region was named the Banat Region. Starting 17 February 1968 , another new territorial division was made and today's Timiş , Caraş-Severin and Arad counties were formed. Since 1998, Romania has been split into eight development regions, which act as sort of territorial autonomy divisions. The eight regions are: Euroregion . The Romanian Banat is mountainous in the south and southeast, while in the north, west and south-west it is flat and in some places marshy. The climate, except in the marshy parts, is generally healthy. Wheat , Barley , Oat s, Rye , Maize , Flax , Hemp and Tobacco are grown in large quantities, and the products of the vineyards are of a good quality. Game is plentiful and the rivers swarm with fish. The mineral wealth is great, including Copper , Tin , Lead , Zinc , Iron and especially Coal . Amongst its numerous mineral springs, the most important are those of Mehadia, with sulphurous waters, which were already known in the Roman period as the Termae Herculis ('' Băile Herculane ''). Note that the present "Banat Region" of Romania includes some areas that are mountainous and were not part of the historical Banat or of the Pannonian plain. Serbian Banat in 1848 (including Western Banat)]] The Serbian Banat (Western Banat) was part of . The region was a county of the Kingdom Of Serbs, Croats And Slovenes between 1918 and 1922 , and in 1929 it was incorporated into the Danube Banovina (Danubian Banat), a province of the Kingdom Of Yugoslavia . Between 1941 and 1944 , the Serbian Banat was occupied by the Axis Powers . Formally it was part of Serbia, but it actually was a virtually separate autonomous region ruled by its German minority. Since 1945 the Serbian Banat (together with Bačka and Syrmia ), has been part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina . In Serbia, the Banat is mostly plains. Wheat , Barley , Oat s, Rye , Maize , Hemp and Sunflower are grown, and mineral wealth consists of Oil and Natural Gas . A popular tourist destination in the Banat is Deliblatska Peščara . According to 2002 census, the population of Serbian Banat (excluding its part near Belgrade) was composed of Serbs (70.69%), Hungarians (10.21%), Romanians , Slovaks , and others. ]] The Districts Of Serbia in Banat are: See also: Geographical Regions In Serbia And Montenegro Hungarian Banat This consists of a small northern part of the region, which is part of the Csongrád County of Hungary . HISTORY ]] ]] Before the Roman Empire under Trajan conquered the region of the Banat in 106 , the land was inhabited by Dacia ns. Roman rule was eventually overextended, however, and Emperor Aurelian ( 270 - 275 ) withdrew Roman forces to south of the Danube , leaving behind a Romanized population. During the early medieval migrations, Slavs settled today's Banat in the 6th Century . The region was incorporated into the First Bulgarian Empire at the beginning of the 9th century. The Hungarian historical chronicle Gesta Hungarorum speaks of a duke called Glad , a ruler of territory of Banat who came from Vidin and was a vassal of Tsar Simeon I Of Bulgaria . His descendant was Ahtum , the last ruler, who was opposed to the establishment of the Hungarian Kingdom. Ahtum was an Orthodox Christian . The region was conquered by the Kingdom Of Hungary in the 11th Century and was divided into the counties Torontál , Temes , Krassó and Szörény . The Banat was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1552 , and became an Ottoman Eyalet (province) named the '' Eyalet Of Temeşvar ''. Since the 16th Century , the Banat was mainly populated by Serbs ( Rascians ) and Romanians ( Vlachs ); thus in some historical sources it was mentioned under name Rascia and in some other as Wallachia . In 1594 Serbs in Banat started a large uprising against Ottoman rule. The Romanians also participated in this uprising. ]] In the 17th Century , parts of the Banat were captured by the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria . In 1716 , Prince Eugene Of Savoy took the last parts of the Banat from the Ottomans. It received the title of the Banat Of Temeswar after the Treaty Of Passarowitz ( 1718 ), and remained a separate province of Habsburg Monarchy under military administration until 1751 , when Empress Maria Theresa Of Austria introduced a civil administration. The Banat of Temeswar province was abolished in 1778 . The southern part of the Banat region remained within the Military Frontier ( Banat Krajina ) until the Frontier was abolished in 1871 . During the Ottoman rule, parts of Banat had a low population density after years of warfare, and much of the area was left almost desolate in marsh, heath, and forest. Count Claudius Mercy ( 1666 - 1734 ), who was appointed governor of the Banat of Temeswar in 1720 , took numerous measures for the regeneration of the Banat. The marshes near the Danube and Tisza rivers were cleared, roads and canals were built at great expense of labour, German artisans and other settlers were attracted to colonize the district, and agriculture and trade encouraged. , province of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1739]] Maria Theresa also took a great interest in the Banat; she colonized the region with large numbers of German peasants, encouraged the exploitation of the mineral wealth of the country, and generally developed the measures introduced by Mercy. German settlers arrived from Swabia , Alsace and Bavaria , as well as people from Austria . Many settlements in the eastern Banat thus were mostly German-inhabited. The ethnic Germans in the Banat region became known as the Danube Swabians , or ''Donauschwaben''. According to 1774 data, the population of the Banat Of Temeswar at that time was composed of:
In 1779 the Banat region was incorporated into Habsburg Hungary , and the three counties Torontál , Temes and Krassó were recreated. In 1848 , the western Banat became part of the Serbian Vojvodina , a Serbian autonomous region within the Habsburg Monarchy. During the 1848 / 1849 revolution, the Banat was respectively held by Serbian and Hungarian troops. in 1849]] and Srem after 1881, the five counties, which were formed in the territory of former Vojvodina Of Serbia And Tamiš Banat ]] in 1918]] After the this province was abolished and incorporated again into Habsburg Hungary. After 1871 , the former Military Frontier located in southern parts of the Banat came under civil administration and was incorporated into the Banat counties. Krassó and Szörény were united into Krassó-Szörény in 1881 . In 1918 , the Banat Republic was proclaimed in Timişoara in October, and the government of Hungary recognized its independence. However, it was short-lived. After just two weeks, Serbia n troops entered into the Banat region, and that was the end of the Banat Republic. In late completely, 2/3 of Temes , and a small part of Torontál ). The southwestern part (most of Torontál , 1/3 of Temes ) became part of the newly formed Kingdom Of Serbs, Croats And Slovenes (which became Yugoslavia ). A small area near Szeged became part of newly independent Hungary . The territory of the Banat is presently in the Romania n counties Timiş , Caraş-Severin , Arad and Mehedinţi , the Serbia n autonomous province of Vojvodina and Belgrade City District, and the Hungarian county Csongrád . POPULATION According to the 1910 census, the population of the Banat region was 1,582,133 people, of which 592,049 (37.42%) were Romanians , 387,545 (24.50%) Germans , 284,329 (17.97%) Serbs , and 242,152 (15.31%) Hungarians , with smaller numbers of other ethnic groups such as the Slovaks , Croats , Rusins , Bulgarians , etc. The German population mostly fled or was expelled from the region after World War II, as a consequence of the World War II events and Axis occupation. SYMBOLS The traditional heraldic symbol of the Banat is a Lion , which is nowadays present in both the Coat Of Arms Of Romania and the Coat Of Arms Of Vojvodina . CITIES Some of the major cities in Banat include:
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Image:Timisoara Fountainjpg
| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Timişoara" class="copylinks">Timişoara , a fountain in the city centre |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Zrenjanin" class="copylinks">Zrenjanin , City Hall and monument of king Petar I of Serbia |
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| "http://wwwinformationdelightinfo/encyclopedia/entry/Vršac" class="copylinks">Vršac |
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