- Armstrong Williams , American political commentator
- Billie Joe Armstrong , American pop/punk musician
- B.J. Armstrong , former Basketball player, most notably with the Chicago Bulls
- Brad Armstrong , Canadian porn star
- Bruce Armstrong , American football player
- Craig Armstrong , Scottish composer
- Debbie Armstrong , Olympic gold medalist in the area of Alpine Skiing
- Dido Armstrong , British pop singer
- Edwin Armstrong (1890-1954), American electrical engineer and inventor of FM radio
- Eugene Armstrong , American construction contractor who was beheaded in Iraq
- Frankie Armstrong , English vocalist
- Garner Ted Armstrong (1930-2003), American evangelist, son of Herbert W. Armstrong
- Gary Armstrong , Scottish rugby player
- George Armstrong , English actor
- George Armstrong , English football player
- George Armstrong , Canadian hockey player
- George Armstrong Custer (1839-1876), American cavalry commander in the Civil War and the Indian Wars
- Gillian Armstrong , Australian film director
- Heather Armstrong aka Dooce, American writer
- Herbert W. Armstrong (1892-1986), American evangelist, father of Garner Ted Armstrong
- Hilary Armstrong , British politician
- Jackson Armstrong , Canadian historian
- Jeannette C. Armstrong , Canadian writer
- Jerome Armstrong , American journalist
- Karen Armstrong , English author
- KC Armstrong , American radio personality and comedian
- Kerry Armstrong , Australian actress
- Lance Armstrong , American cyclist and record Tour De France winner
- Lee Armstrong , American actress
- Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong (1901-1971), American jazz musician
- Neil Armstrong , American astronaut, first person on Moon
- Rebekka Armstrong , a Female Bodybuilder , former Playboy model and AIDS activist
- Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong Of Ilminster
- Samaire Armstrong , American actress
- Samuel C. Armstrong (1839-1893), American educator
- Samuel Turell Armstrong (1874-1850), American politician
- Stacy Armstrong , American actress
- Tim Armstrong , American punk rock musician
- Vaughn Armstrong , American actor
- William George Armstrong (1810-1900), English industrialist
- William L. Armstrong , American politician
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