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Arkham House , a Publishing Company started by two of Lovecraft's correspondents, August Derleth and Donald Wandrei , takes its name from this city as a tribute.Cf. "About Arkham House" web site.


ARKHAM IN LOVECRAFT'S FICTION

Arkham is the home of Miskatonic University , which figures prominently in many of Lovecraft's works. The institution finances the expeditions in both '' At The Mountains Of Madness '' ( 1936 ) and "The Shadow out of Time" (1936). Walter Gilman , of "The Dreams in the Witch House" ( 1933 ), attends classes at the university. Other notable institutions in Arkham are the ''Arkham Historical Society'' and the ''Arkham Sanitarium'' (''sic'').

Arkham's main Newspaper is the ''Arkham Advertiser'', which has a circulation that reaches as far as Dunwich . In the 1880 s, its newspaper was called the ''Arkham Gazette''.

Arkham’s most notable characteristics are its Gambrel roofs and the dark legends surrounding the city for centuries. Occurrences such as the disappearance of children (presumably murdered in ritual sacrifices) at May Eve and other ''bad doings'' are accepted as a part of life for the poorer citizens of the city.


Location

The precise location of Arkham is unknown, although it is probably near both Innsmouth and Dunwich . However, it may be surmised from Lovecraft's stories that it is some distance to the north of Boston , probably in Essex County, Massachusetts .The actual location of Arkham is a subject of debate. Will Murray places Arkham in central Massachusetts and suggests that it is based on the small village of Oakham. Robert D. Marten refutes this claim and equates Arkham with Salem (as did Lovecraft), and thinks that Arkham is named for Arkwright, Rhode Island (which is now part of Fiskville). Lovecraft himself, in a letter to F. Lee Baldwin dated April 29, 1934, wrote that " mental picture of Arkham is of a town something like Salem in atmosphere [and style of houses, but more hilly... with a college (which Salem [lacks )... I place the town the imaginary Miskatonic [River somewhere north of Salem—perhaps near Manchester." (Joshi & Schultz, pp. 6–7.) The real-life model for Arkham seems to be, in fact, Salem , its reputation for the occult making it appealing to one who dabbles in the weird tale. August Derleth stated in his writings: "Arkham ... was Lovecraft’s own well-known, widely-used place-name for legend-haunted Salem, Massachusetts, in his remarkable fiction". (Cf. "About Arkham House" web site.)

Arkham Sanitarium appears in the short story "The Thing on the Doorstep" and may have been inspired by the Danvers State Insane Asylum, aka Danvers State Hospital , located in Danvers, Massachusetts.Joseph Morales notes in his "A Short Tour of Lovecraftian New England" (web site) that Danvers "is mentioned in passing in some of Lovecraft's stories, and might also be the inspiration for HPL's fictional Arkham Sanitarium". ( Danvers State Hospital also appears in Lovecraft's stories "Pickman's Model" and "The Shadow over Innsmouth".) H.P. Lovecraft's Arkham and the Arkham Sanitarium were paid homage in the creation of Arkham Asylum in the Batman Comic Book Series.


APPEARANCES


Lovecraft's fiction

''Note: dates are the year written.''

Arkham first appeared in Lovecraft's Short Story "The Picture in the House" ( 1920 )—the story is also the first to mention "Miskatonic". It also appears in other stories by Lovecraft, including:



Other authors

Arkham also appears in the Cthulhu Mythos tales of other writers since Lovecraft's death. Among them:


  • Brennen, Joseph Payne. "Forringer's Fortune" ( 1975 )


  • Brunner, John. "Concerning the Forthcoming Inexpensive Paperback Translation of the Necronomicon of Abdul Alhazred" ( 1992 )


  • Campbell, Ramsey

  • ---"The Tomb Herd" ( 1986 )

  • ---"The Tower from Yuggoth" (1986)


  • Jens, Tina L. "In His Daughter's Darkling Womb" ( 1997 ), mentions "Arkham Industries"



  • Price, Robert M. "Wilbur Whateley Waiting" ( 1987 )


  • Shea, Michael. ''The Color out of Time'' ( 1984 )


  • Smith, Clark Ashton. "I Am a Witch" (19??)


  • Thompson, C. Hall. "The Will of Claude Ashur" ( 1947 )


  • Wilson, F. Paul. "The Barrens" ( 1990 )



ARKHAM IN OTHER FICTION

  • In many '' Batman '' Comic Books , Arkham Asylum is shown or mentioned as a place in which many Villains , including the Joker , are kept under guard. Allegedly, Bob Kane , who had met Lovecraft on a train in 1935, loved how he wrote his stories. Kane was so grateful for being able to meet Lovecraft only two years before his death that he created Arkham Asylum as a means of paying tribute to him. This story is most likely apocryphal as Arkham Asylum never appeared in Batman comics until the early 1970's when Denny O'Neill and Frank Robbins were doing most of the writing long after Bob Kane was retired from the comics.


  • The third '', Massachusetts . H. P. Lovecraft himself appears as a professor at the university, conjuring up demons for the heroes to fight at their request.



  • Arkham is one of the antagonists in the third installment of the popular video game series '''', which is a prequel to the first game. He is the father of Lady . Throughout the game he tries to secretly manipulate everyone else through various means. For Dante this means guiding him through the Temen-Ni-Gru in the guise of an alter ego, Jester. For Vergil this means act as an aide/co-conspirer, and for Lady this means leading her to the tower itself. Ultimately he needs all three of them (Dante and Vergil for their blood in which the blood of Sparda flows and the Amulets that they carry. Lady is needed as she is decended from the priestess Sparda sacrificed through her mother's side).


  • "Arkham" is the codename used for a plan to assassinate Mr. Parker in NBC's television show '' The Pretender ''.


  • "Arkham" is the name of the Lunatic Asylum mentioned in '' Carrie 2 '', which is about certain characters who survived the events in '' Carrie ''.



SEE ALSO


Other fictional settings from the stories of H. P. Lovecraft :




REFERENCES


Primary sources

  • Lovecraft, Howard P.

  • ---''At the Mountains of Madness, and Other Novels'' (7th corrected printing), S. T. Joshi (ed.), Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1985. ISBN 0-870-54038-6. Definitive version.

  • ---''Dagon and Other Macabre Tales'', S. T. Joshi (ed.), Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1987. ISBN 0-870-54039-4. Definitive version.

  • ---''The Dunwich Horror and Others'' (9th corrected printing), S. T. Joshi (ed.), Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1984. ISBN 0-870-54037-8. Definitive version.



Secondary sources


Books





Web sites




Notes