sitting on his throne, prince Xerxes standing behind him, receiving an official announcing the arrival of the tribute paying delegates (Archaeological Museum, Tehran )]]
The is the name of the great audience hall at Persepolis . It belongs to the oldest building phase of the city, built during the first half of the 5th Century BC as part of the original design by Darius I , its construction completed by Xerxes I .
Old Persian ''apadāna'' "palace", rendered in Elamite ''ha-ha-da-na'' and in Babylonian , ''ap-pa-da-an'' is etymologically ambiguous. It has been compared to Sanskrit ''apa-dhā'' "concealment", Greek ''apo-thēkē'' "storehouse". The word survives in several languages as a loan, including Arabic ''fadan'', Armenian ''aparan-kh''.
The Apadana covered an area of 12,000 square meters, its roof supported by 72 columns, each standing 20m tall (1.5 metres or 4.9 feet higher than the columns at the Temple Of Artemis at Ephesus ). The entire hall was destroyed in 331 BC by the army of Alexander The Great , leaving only a single column standing. The stone of the columns was used as building material for nearby settlements, but after reconstruction work in the 20th century, 14 are again erect.
Access to the hall is given by two monumental stairways, on the north and on the east. These are decorated by reliefs, showing delegates of the 23 subject nations of the Persian Empire paying tribute to Darius I , who is represented seated centrally. The various delegates are shown in great detail, giving insight into the costume and equipment of the various peoples of Persia in the 5th century BC.
There are inscriptions in Old Persian and Elamite .
) relief of eastern stairs.]]
from the eastern stairs.]]
- Encyclopedia Iranica ( PDF )
- http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI_Apadana.html
- http://www.persepolis3d.com/control_structures/apadana.htm
- http://www.artarena.force9.co.uk/ma1.html
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