| Anti-confederate |
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NOVA SCOTIA In Nova Scotia, the "Anti-Confederates" were led by Joseph Howe . They attempted to reverse the colony's decision to join Confederation, which was initially highly unpopular in the province. In 1867, the Anti-Confederates won 36 out of 38 seats in the provincial Legislature , and formed a government under William Annand . The Anti-Confederation Party was opposed by the Confederation Party of Charles Tupper . Federally, in the 1867 Federal Election , the Anti-Confederate party won 18 of Nova Scotia's 19 seats in the Canadian House Of Commons . Britain , however, refused to allow Nova Scotia to secede. Howe was a pragmatist, and ultimately accepted Confederation as a fact. He was soon persuaded to join the Cabinet of Sir John A. Macdonald , leading to the movement's collapse. NEWFOUNDLAND In Newfoundland, the Anti-Confederates, led by businessman Charles Fox Bennett , defeated the government of the pro-Confederation Premier Sir Frederick Carter in 1869, effectively killing Confederation as a saleable proposal for two generations. It wasn't until eighty years after Bennett's victory that Newfoundland finally joined Confederation . NEW BRUNSWICK There was also an ''Anti-Confederation Party'' in New Brunswick led by Albert J. Smith , whose coalition of Conservatives and Reformers won the 1865 election. It was, however, soundly defeated in the 1866 election by the Confederation Party led by Peter Mitchell . The legislature that resulted from that election approved Confederation by a margin of 38 to 1. In the 1867 Federal Election the ''Anti-Confederates'' won five of New Brunswick's fifteen seats in the Canadian House Of Commons . While in Nova Scotia and elsewhere, opponents of confederation were predominantly Liberals and supporters were predominantly Tories, in New Brunswick the debate blurred party lines. Anti-Confederate leader Albert Smith and Confederate Peter Mitchell were both Conservatives , while one of the most prominent leaders of the pro-Confederation forces, Samuel Leonard Tilley , was a Liberal . Tilley later joined the government of Sir John A. Macdonald . Both Anti-Confederate and Confederate forces were mixtures of Tories and Reformers (Liberals). By 1870, the Confederate and Anti-Confederate parties had dissolved and were replaced by the old Liberal and Tory parties. SEE ALSO |
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