| Abraham Ortelius |
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| belgian geographers | |
| ortelius, abraham | |
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| people from antwerp, belgium | |
| 1527 births | |
| 1598 deaths | |
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Abraham Ortelius ('''Abraham Ortel''') ( April 2 , 1527 - June 28 , 1598 ) was a Cartographer and Geographer , generally recognised as the creator of the first Modern Atlas . He was born in Antwerp in what is now Belgium . A member of the influential Ortelius Family of Augsburg , he traveled extensively in Europe . He is specifically known to have traveled throughout the Seventeen Provinces ; south and west Germany (e.g., 1560 , 1575 – 1576 ); France ( 1559 - 1560 ); England and Ireland ( 1576 ), and Italy ( 1578 , and perhaps twice or thrice between 1550 and 1558 ). Beginning as a map-engraver, in 1547 he entered the Antwerp Guild of St Luke as ''afsetter van Karten''. His early career is that of a businessman, and most of his journeys before 1560 are for commercial purposes (such as his yearly visits to the Frankfurt book and print fair). In 1560, however, when travelling with Mercator to Trier , Lorraine and Poitiers , he seems to have been attracted, largely by Mercator’s influence, towards the career of a scientific geographer; in particular he now devoted himself, at his friend’s suggestion, to the compilation of that atlas, or '' Theatrum Orbis Terrarum '' (Theatre of the World), by which he became famous. In 1564 he completed a "mappemonde", eight-leaved map of the world, which afterwards appeared in reduced form in the ''Theatrum''. The only extant copy of this great map is in the library of the University Of Basle (cf. Bernoulli, ''Ein Karteninkunabelnband'', Basle, 1905, p. 5). He also published a two-sheet map of Egypt in 1565 , a plan of Brittenburg Castle on the coast of the Netherlands in 1568 , an eight-sheet map of Asia in 1567 , and a six-sheet map of Spain before the appearance of his atlas. In , eight or nine only in Belgium . In 1573 Ortelius published seventeen supplementary maps under the title ''Additamentum Theatri Orbis Terrarum''. Four more Additamenta were to follow, the last one appearing in 1597 . He also had a keen interest and formed a fine collection of Coin s, Medal s and Antiques , and this resulted in the book (also in 1573, published by Philippe Galle of Antwerp) ''Deorum dearumque capita ... ex Museo Ortelii'' (reprinted in 1582, 1602, 1612, 1680, 1683 and finally in 1699 by Gronovius, ''Thesaurus Graecarum Antiquitatum.'' vol. vii.). In 1575 he was appointed geographer to the king of Spain, Philip II , on the recommendation of Arias Montanus, who vouched for his orthodoxy (his family, as early as 1535, had fallen under suspicion of Protestantism ). In 1578 he laid the basis of a critical treatment of ancient geography by his ''Synonymia geographica'' (issued by the Plantin press at Antwerp and republished in expanded form as ''Thesaurus geographicus'' in 1587 and again expanded in 1596 In this last edition, Ortelius considers the possibility of Continental Drift , a hypothesis proved correct only centuries later). In 1579 he brought out his ''Nomenclator Ptolemaicus'' and started his ''Parergon'' (a series of maps illustrating ancient history, Sacred and secular). He also published ''Itinerarium per nonnuilas Galliae Belgicae partes'' (at the Plantin press in 1584, and reprinted in 1630 , 1661 in Hegenitius, Itin. Frisio-Hoil., in 1667 by Verbiest, and finally in 1757 in Leuven), a record of a journey in Belgium and the Rhineland made in 1575 . Among his last works were an edition of Caesar (''C. I. Caesaris omnia quae extant'', Leiden, Raphelingen, 1593), and the ''Aurei saeculi imago, sive Germanorum veterum vita, mores, ritus et religio.'' (Philippe Galle, Antwerp, 1596). He also aided Welser in his edition of the Peutinger Table in 1598 . In 1596 he received a presentation from Antwerp city, similar to that afterwards bestowed on Rubens . His death, on July 4 , 1598 , and burial, in St Michael’s Præmonstratensian Abbey church in Antwerp, were marked by public mourning. ''Quietis cultor sine lite, uxore, prole'', reads the inscription on his Tombstone . See Emmanuel Van Meteren , ''Historia Belgica'' (Amsterdam, 1670); H. E. Wauwermans, ''Histoire de l’école cartographique belge et anversoise'' (Antwerp, 1895), and article "Ortelius" in ''Biographie nationale'' (Belgian), vol. xvi. (Brussels, 1901); J. H. Hessels, ''Abrahami Ortelii epistulae'' (Cambridge, England, 1887); Max Rooses, ''Ortelius et Plantin'' (1880); Génard, "Généalogie d’Ortelius," in the ''Bulletin de la Soc. roy. de Géog. d’Anvers'' (1880 and 1881), Marcel van den Broecke (1996) ''Ortelius Atlas Maps'' (HeS Publishers, 't Goy-Houten, 1996) and ''Abraham Ortelius and the first atlas; Essays commemorating the Quadricentennial of his Death, 1598-1998'' Eds. Marcel van den Broecke, Peter van der Krogt & Peter Meurer (HeS Publishers, 't Goy-Houten, 1998). The ''Theatrum Orbis Terrarum'' inspired a six volume work entitled Civitates Orbis Terrarum edited by Georg Braun and illustrated by Frans Hogenberg with the assistance of Ortelius himself. EXTERNAL LINKS |
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