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Adat is a set of local and traditional laws and Dispute Resolution systems in many parts of Indonesia . One of the most important scholars of Adat Law was Cornelis Van Vollenhoven .

In older '' Melayu '' language (meaning '' Bahasa '' Malay or Indonesian), adat refers to the customary laws, the unwritten traditional code regulating social, political, and economical as well maritime laws.

Two kinds of Malay ''adat'' laws were developed
before the 15th century:


  • The office of the Sea Admiral or under '' Adat Temenggong '' originated bilaterally based on territorial social units. Both ''adat'' forms were significantly transformed by Islamic and later European legal system during the later colonial times.

  • During the inter-maritime contact prior to the 15th Century Chinese vessels (wooden Junks ) came and had established the basic Draft Form for the original development in the Adat Temenggog Maritime Laws . The Malacca sultanate had the office of the sea admiral or translated as the ''Office of the Temmenggong''.


see The New Encyclopedia Britannica Vol 1 (15th edition) page 82 for quoted resources and further research on this topic

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