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In the Gregorian Calendar , the 2nd millennium commenced on 1 January 1001, and ended at the end of 31 December 2000. It is perhaps more popularly thought of as beginning and ending a year earlier, thus starting at the beginning of the year 1000.


EVENTS

• European Crusades in Middle East


• Mongol Empire s in Asia


• The Black Death


• The Renaissance in Europe


• The Protestant Reformation


• The Agricultural and Industrial revolutions


• The rise of Nationalism and the Nation State


• European discovery of the Americas and Australia and their colonization


• European Colonization and Decolonization in Africa and Asia


• Age Of Enlightenment


• Industrial Revolution


• French Revolution


• Population Explosion


• Modernism


• World-spanning wars ( Seven Years' War , French Revolutionary Wars , Napoleonic Wars , World War I , World War II )


• Ideological disputes, Capitalism and Communism

SOME SIGNIFICANT PERSONS



1000 - 1300

• Ferdowsi ( 935 – 1020 ), Persian poet


• Basil II ( 958 - 1025 ), Byzantine Emperor


• Murasaki Shikibu ( 973 – 1025 ), Japanese author


• Pierre Abélard ( 1079 - 1142 ), French philosopher


• Bhaskara ( 1114 - 1185 ), Indian Mathematician , founder of Differential Calculus .


• Bernart De Ventadorn (c. 1130 – c. 1190 ), troubadour


• Maimonides ( 1135 - 1204 ), Jewish philosopher.


• Saladin ( 1137 - 1193 ), Kurdish Muslim leader


• Minamoto No Yoritomo ( 1147 – 1199 ), first Shogun of Japan


• Genghis Khan , (c. 1155 / 1162 / 1167 – 1227 ), Mongolian conqueror


• Jayavarman VII (c. 1181 - c. 1219 ) Khmer king (Cambodia)


• Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 – 1274 ), Italian theologian


• Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ), Italian poet


• John Wycliffe (c. 1320 - 1384 ), English theologian and early proponent of reform in the Roman Catholic Church


• Mansa Musa ( 14th Century ), Malian leader


• Ibn Khaldun ( 1332 - 1406 ), Tunisian philosopher and historian


• Timur ( 1336 - 1405 ), founder of Timurid Empire


• Madhava Of Sangamagrama ( 1350 - 1425 ), Indian mathematician, father of Mathematical Analysis .


• Yongle Emperor of China ( 1360 - 1424 ), considered among the greatest Chinese emperors.


• Jan Hus ( 1369 - 1415 ), Bohemian religious thinker and reformer.


• Zheng He ( 1371 - 1435 ), Chinese explorer.


• Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398 – 1468 ), Inventor of movable type


• Joan Of Arc ( 1412 - 1431 ), heroine of France and saint


• Lorenzo De' Medici ( 1492 - 1519 ) Italian statesman, poet and patron

1500 - 1800

• Isabella Of Castile ( 1451 - 1504 ) and Ferdinand II Of Aragon ( 1452 - 1516 ) Spanish monarchs


• Christopher Columbus ( 1451 – 1506 ), Italian explorer


• Leonardo Da Vinci ( 1452 – 1519 ), Italian Artist, Philosopher and Scientist


• Vasco Da Gama ( 1469 - 1524 ), Portuguese navigator


• Nicolaus Copernicus ( 1473 – 1543 ), astronomer and mathematician


• Ferdinand Magellan ( 1480 - 1521 ), Portuguese explorer


• Raphael ( 1483 - 1520 ), Italian artist


• Babur ( 1483 – 1530 ), founder of India's Mughal Empire , descendant of Timur .


• Martin Luther ( 1483 – 1546 ), German religious reformer.


• Suleiman The Magnificent ( 1495 - 1566 ), Turkish sultan, poet, patron


• Jyeshtadeva ( 1500 – 1575 ), Indian mathematician and astronomer, writer of the world's first Calculus text.


• Akbar ( 1542 – 1605 ), considered the greatest of the Mughal Emperor s


• Miguel De Cervantes ( 1547 – 1616 ), Spanish playwright and novelist


• Lope De Vega ( 1562 - 1635 ), Spanish playwright and poet


• Christopher Marlowe ( 1564 - 1593 ), English playwright and poet


• William Shakespeare ( 1564 – 1616 ), English playwright and poet


• Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ), Italian scientist


• Jahangir ( 1569 – 1627 ), one of the greatest Mughal emperors


• Shah Jahan ( 1592 – 1666 ), one of the greatest Mughal emperors, builder of the Taj Mahal


• René Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), French philosopher and mathematician


• Pedro Calderón De La Barca ( 1600 - 1681 ), Spanish playwright and poet


• Molière ( 1622 - 1673 ), French playwright, actor and director


• John Locke ( 1632 - 1704 ), English philosopher


• Jean Racine ( 1639 - 1699 ), French playwright


• Isaac Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ), British scientist


• Bashō ( 1644 - 1694 ), Japanese poet


• Peter The Great ( 1672 - 1725 ) , Russian Tsar


• Voltaire ( 1694 - 1778 ), French philosopher


• Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ), American founding father and scientist


• David Hume ( 1711 - 1776 ), Scottish philosopher


• Denis Diderot ( 1713 - 1784 ), French philosopher


• Catherine The Great ( 1729 - 1796 ), Empress of Russia


• George Washington ( 1732 – 1799 ), First American president


• Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe ( 1749 - 1832 ), German novelist, dramatist, poet, humanist, scientist, philosopher, politician


• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( 1756 – 1791 ), Austrian Composer


• Maximilien Robespierre ( 1758 – 1794 ) French Revolutionary Leader


• Friedrich Schiller ( 1759 - 1805 ), German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist.


• Hokusai ( 1760 - 1849 ), Japanese artist


• Byron ( 1788 - 1824 ), Anglo-Scottish poet

19th century

• Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ), American founding father and president


• Charles-Maurice De Talleyrand ( 1754 - 1838 ), French politician


• Napoleon I Of France ( 1769 – 1821 ), French conqueror and emperor


• Klemens Wenzel Von Metternich ( 1773 - 1859 ), Austrian politician


• José De San Martín ( 1778 - 1850 ), Argentine military leader


• Simón Bolívar ( 1783 - 1830 ), South American revolutionary and politician


• Michael Faraday ( 1791 – 1867 ), British scientist and inventor


• Abraham Lincoln ( 1809 – 1865 ), American president


• Charles Darwin ( 1809 – 1882 ), British natural scientist


• Otto Von Bismarck ( 1815 – 1898 ), German chancellor


• Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ), German political philosopher


• Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ), Queen of the United Kingdom


• Louis Pasteur ( 1822 – 1895 ), French microbiologist and chemist.


• Claude Monet ( 1840 - 1926 ), French painter


• Friedrich Nietzsche ( 1844 – 1900 ), German philosopher


• Thomas Edison ( 1847 – 1931 ), Inventor


• Vincent Van Gogh ( 1853 - 1890 ), Dutch painter


• Arthur Rimbaud ( 1854 – 1891 ), French poet, adventurer, explorer, businessman


• Sigmund Freud ( 1856 – 1939 ), Austrian psychoanalyst


• Nikola Tesla ( 1856 – 1943 ), Inventor


• Mangal Pandey (d. 1857 ), considered to be responsible for the Indian Mutiny


• Anton Chekov , ( 1860 - 1904 ), Russian playwright and author


• Henry Ford ( 1863 – 1947 ), Industrialist


• Mahatma Gandhi ( 1869 – 1948 ), Indian civil rights leader


• Henri Matisse ( 1869 – 1954 ), French artist


• Mustapha Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 - 1938 ), Turkish soldier, revolutionary and politician

20th century

• Marie Curie ( 1867 - 1934 ), French physicist of Polish origin


• Vladimir Lenin ( 1870 – 1924 ), Soviet leader


• Winston Churchill ( 1874 – 1965 ), British prime minister


• Albert Einstein ( 1879 – 1955 ), German physicist


• Joseph Stalin ( 1879 – 1953 ), Soviet leader


• Pablo Picasso ( 1881 – 1973 ), Spanish artist


• Franklin D. Roosevelt ( 1882 – 1945 ), American president


• Adolf Hitler ( 1889 – 1945 ), German dictator


• Ho Chi Minh ( 1890 – 1969 ), Vietnamese leader


• Mao Zedong ( 1893 – 1976 ), Chinese revolutionary


• Walt Disney ( 1901 – 1966 ), American film producer and animator


• Bhagat Singh ( 1907 – 1931 ), one of the most famous martyrs of the Indian freedom struggle


• Ronald Reagan ( 1911 – 2004 ), American president


• Gamal Abdel Nasser ( 1918 - 1970 , Egyptian leader


• Nelson Mandela ( 1918 - ), President of South Africa


• John Paul II ( 1920 – 2005 ), Pope of the Roman Catholic Church


• Martin Luther King, Jr. ( 1929 – 1968 ), American civil rights leader

INVENTIONS, DISCOVERIES, AND INTRODUCTIONS

• The Printing Press


• Gunpowder


• The Steam Engine


• The discovery of the Scientific Method


• Theory of Evolution


• The discovery of Genetics and DNA


• Calculus


• Human Flight


• Nuclear Power


• The Transistor and Electronics


• Space Travel and mankind's First Flight To The Moon


• The Internal Combustion Engine


• Capitalism and Socialism


• The Computer and the Internet


• Universal Suffrage


• Quantum Physics

CENTURIES AND DECADES

11th Century	1000s	1010s	1020s	1030s	1040s	1050s	1060s	1070s	1080s	1090s
12th Century	1100s	1110s	1120s	1130s	1140s	1150s	1160s	1170s	1180s	1190s
13th Century	1200s	1210s	1220s	1230s	1240s	1250s	1260s	1270s	1280s	1290s
14th Century	1300s	1310s	1320s	1330s	1340s	1350s	1360s	1370s	1380s	1390s
15th Century	1400s	1410s	1420s	1430s	1440s	1450s	1460s	1470s	1480s	1490s
16th Century	1500s	1510s	1520s	1530s	1540s	1550s	1560s	1570s	1580s	1590s
17th Century	1600s	1610s	1620s	1630s	1640s	1650s	1660s	1670s	1680s	1690s
18th Century	1700s	1710s	1720s	1730s	1740s	1750s	1760s	1770s	1780s	1790s
19th Century	1800s	1810s	1820s	1830s	1840s	1850s	1860s	1870s	1880s	1890s
20th Century	1900s	1910s	1920s	1930s	1940s	1950s	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s