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was a Common Year Starting On Sunday (see link for calendar).
- January 5 - Treaty Of Dardanelles between Britain and France concluded
- January 10 - French Marshal Jean Lannes begins the Siege Of Zaragoza .
- defeat the French at the Battle Of Corunna .
- February 3 - Illinois Territory was created.
- February 8 - Franz I Of Austria declares war on France
- February 11 - Robert Fulton patents the Steamboat .
- February 20 - A decision by the Supreme Court Of The United States states that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
- February 20 - Siege Of Zaragoza grinds to a halt as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over 60,000 have been killed on both sides in 41 days of street fighting.
- February 25 - A Spanish forces is defeated at the Battle Of Valls in Catalonia by Marshal St Cyr .
- March 4 - James Madison succeeds Thomas Jefferson as the President Of The United States .
- March 13 - Military coup ousts Gustav IV Adolf Of Sweden - he is confined in the Gripsholm Castle .
- March 29 - At the Diet Of Porvoo , Finland 's Four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I Of Russia , commencing the secession of the Grand Duchy Of Finland from Sweden . King Gustav IV Adolf Of Sweden Abdicates after a Coup D'état and is later exiled.
- March 29 - The Battle Of Oporto ends in disaster as 18,000 Portuguese soldiers are drowned in a rout after defeat by the French under Marshal Soult and the Battle Of Medellin results in massive Spanish casualties in Extremadura , when Marshal Victor 's cavalry routs their army.
- April 9 - Tyrol eans rise against French and Bavaria n occupation - they include Militia lead by Andreas Hofer .
- April 14 - Napoleon defeats Austrians in the Battle Of Abensberg , Bavaria
- April 19 - Battle Of Raszyn between armies of Austria (attackers) and Duchy Of Warsaw (defenders) as a part of struggles of the Fifth Coalition (1809). The Austrian army was defeated.
- April 22 - Battle Of Eckmuhl - French troops under Marshal Andre Massena beat Austrians under Archduke Karl .
- May - Napoleon captures Vienna , is excommunicated, imprisons pope Pius VII .
- May 5 - Mary Kies is the first American woman to be awarded a Patent .
- May 5 - The Swiss canton of Aargau denies Jew s citizenship.
- May 17 - Napoleon I Of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French empire. When he announces Pope's secular power has ended, pope Excommunicates him.
- beat French under Napoleon in a hard fought battle.
- May 24 - Dartmoor Prison opens, first to house French prisoners of war
- June 1 - Allardyce Barclay begins a bet of walking 1 mile every hour for 1,000 hours. Each hour he walked a mile round trip from his home
- June 6 - Sweden promulgates a new Instrument Of Government , which restores political power to the Riksdag Of The Estates after authoritarian rule since 1772 .
- June 7 - Shoja Shah of Afghanistan signs a treaty with the British. Only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah .
- July 5 - 6 - The massive Battle Of Wagram in which Napoleon defeats the Austria ns.
- July 6 - French troops arrest Pope Pius VII and take him to Liguria
- July 10 - French Marshal Marmont engages in the inconclusive Battle Of Zniam against the Austrians.
- July 28 - Sir Arthur Wellesley 's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a mauch larger French force at the Battle Of Talavera .
- July 30 - British invasion army lands in Walcheren
- August 8 - 70 disciples of Gaon Of Vilnus arrive in Palestine
- August 10 - Ecuador declares Independence from Spain
- August 11 - Severe Earthquake s strike the Azores and sinks the village of São Miguel
- August 11 - A poorly-generaled Spanish army was defeated by King Joseph Bonaparte 's French army at the Battle Of Almonacid De Toledo .
- September 17 - Peace Of Hamina - Peace between Russia and Sweden in the Finnish War . The territory to become the Grand Duchy Of Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty Of Fredrikshamn .
- September 18 - Royal Opera House opens in London
- October 11 - Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee , explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
- October 14 - Treaty Of Schoenbrunn cedes Illyrian Provinces to France
- November 19 - A Spanish army is ridden down and 20,000 are killed by French forces at the Battle Of Ocana
- December 26 - British invasion force leaves Vlissingen
- December 30 - Wearing masks at balls forbidden in Boston, Massachusetts
- '' USS Constitution '' (Old Ironsides) is recommissioned as flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron.
- Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler-Poinsot Solid s.
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes ''Philosophie Zoologique'', outlining the concept of Evolution .
- First running of the Two Thousand Guineas Stakes horse race in England.
- Miami University (Ohio) established by congressional order by George Washington.
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- January 4 - Louis Braille , French teacher, inventor of braille(d. 1852 ).
- January 15 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , French anarchist (d. 1864 )
- January 19 - Edgar Allan Poe , American writer and poet (d. 1849 )
- February 3 - Felix Mendelssohn , German composer (d. 1847 )
- February 12 - Abraham Lincoln , 16th President Of The United States (d. 1865 )
- February 12 - Charles Darwin , British naturalist (d. 1882 )
- February 15 - Cyrus McCormick , American inventor (d. 1884 )
- March 31 - Nikolai Gogol , Russian writer (d. 1852 )
- April 15 - Hermann Gunter Grassmann , Prussian mathematician (d. 1877 )
- June 4 - Columbus Delano , American statesman (d. 1896 )
- June 4 - John Henry Pratt , English clergyman and mathematician (d. 1871 )
- June 8 - Richard Wigginton Thompson , American politician (d. 1900 )
- August 6 - Alfred Lord Tennyson , British poet (d. 1892 )
- August 8 - Heinrich Abeken , German theologian (d. 1872 )
- August 8 - Horace Bingtrotter , British phrenologist (d. 1904 )
- August 27 - Hannibal Hamlin , American politician (d. 1891 )
- August 29 - Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. , American physician and writer (d. 1894 )
- October 22 - Volney E. Howard , American politician (d. 1889 )
- December 24 - Kit Carson , American frontiersman (d. 1868 )
- December 29 - William Ewart Gladstone , British politician (d. 1898 )
- January 16 - John Moore , British general (killed in battle) (b. 1761 )
- March 7 - Johann Georg Albrechtsberger , Austrian composer (b. 1736 )
- March 25 - Anna Seward , English writer (b. 1747 )
- March 27 - Joseph-Marie Vien , French painter (b. 1716 )
- May 13 - Beilby Porteus , English bishop and abolitionist (b. 1731 )
- May 17 - Leopold Auenbrugger , Austrian physician (b. 1722 )
- May 31 - Joseph Haydn , Austrian composer (b. 1732 )
- May 31 - Jean Lannes , French marshal (mortally wounded in battle (b. 1769 )
- June 4 - Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard , Danish painter (b. 1743 )
- June 8 - Thomas Paine , American revolutionary writer (b. 1737 )
- August 18 - Matthew Boulton , English manufacturer and engineer (b. 1728 )
- October 8 - James Elphinston , Scottish philologist (b. 1721 )
- October 11 - Meriwether Lewis , American explorer (suicide) (b. 1774 )
- November 9 - Paul Sandby , English cartographer and painter (b. 1725 )
- 8 August - Ueda Akinari , Japanese author and scholar (b. 1734 )
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