- January 1 - Friedrich Spanheim , Dutch theologian (d. 1649 )
- January 17 - Pedro Calderón De La Barca , Spanish playwright (died 1681 )
- January 28 - Pope Clement IX (died 1669 )
- February 2 - Gabriel Naudé , French librarian and scholar (died 1653 )
- November 19 - Leo Aitzema , Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669 )
- November 19 - King Charles I Of England , Scotland, and Ireland (died 1649 )
- Jonas Bronck , Swedish colonist in America (died 1643 )
- Edmund Calamy The Elder , English presbyterian (died 1666 )
- Piaras Feiritéar , Irish language poet (died 1653 )
- Gheorghe Ghica , Prince of Wallachia (died 1664 )
- Marin Le Roy De Gomberville , French poet and novelist (died 1674 )
- Samuel Gorton , English sectary (died 1677 )
- Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet , English Royalist leader (died 1658 )
- Peter Heylin , English ecclesiastical writer (died 1662 )
- Antoine De Laloubère , French Jesuit mathematician (died 1664 )
- John Ogilby , English writer and cartographer (died 1676 )
- Anna Alojza Ostrogska , Polish noblewoman (died 1654 )
- William Prynne , English puritan politician (died 1669 )
- Samuel Rutherford ,Scottish theologian and controversialist (died 1660 )
- Brian Walton , English divine and scholar (died 1661 )
- Tokugawa Yoshinao , Japanese nobleman (died 1650 )
''See also .''
- February 13 - Gian Paolo Lomazzo , Italian painter (b. 1538 )
- February 17 - Giordano Bruno , Italian philosopher (burned at the stake) (born 1548 )
- July 17 - Hosokawa Gracia , Japanese noblewoman (born 1563 )
- September 1 - Tadeáš Hájek , Czech physician and astronomer (born 1525 )
- September 26 - Claude Le Jeune , French composer (born 1530 )
- October 12 - Luis Molina , Spanish Jesuit (b. 1535 )
- October 21 - Toda Katsushige , Japanese warlord (born 1557 )
- November 3 - Richard Hooker , Anglican theologian (born 1554 )
- November 6 - Ishida Mitsunari , Japanese feudal lord (decapitated) (born 1560 )
- November 6 - Konishi Yukinaga , Japanese Christian warlord (born 1555 )
- November 8 - Natsuka Masaie , Japanese warlord (born 1562 )
- November 17 - Kuki Yoshitaka , Japanese naval commander (born 1542 )
- Jose De Acosta , Spanish Jesuit missionary and naturalist (born 1540 )
- Thomas Deloney , English writer (born 1543 )
- Abe Masakatsu , Japanese nobleman (born 1541 )
- Thomas Nashe , English pamphleteer (born 1567 )
- Nicholas Remy , French Catholic priest (born 1534 )
- John Ruthven, 3rd Earl Of Gowrie , Scottish conspirator (born 1577 )
- Mizuno Tadashige , Japanese nobleman (born 1541 )
''See also .''
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