Information About

1275

EVENTS

Europe

War and politics

April 22 - The first of the Statutes Of Westminster are passed by the English Parliament , establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of Bail able and non-bailable offenses.

Eleanor De Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I Of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn The Last , prince of Wales ; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.

Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle Of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.

Culture, religion, and science

Jean De Meun completes the French Allegorical work of fiction, '' Roman De La Rose '', with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume De Lorris in 1230 .

A purported Witch is first burned to death by sentence of a judicial Inquisitor in Toulouse , France .

The Verge Escapement , a simple type of Escapement used in Clock s, is invented (exact year unknown).

Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid Proselytizing to Moors . He also discovers Diethyl Ether .

The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls , an English Census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086 , is finished; it began in 1274 .

Asia

Invading Mongol forces capture the Chinese city of Suzhou .

Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu , Kublai Khan 's summer capital of the Mongol Empire .

The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty .

Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begin his Pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem

Chinese Astronomers observe a Total Eclipse of the Sun in China on March 4 .

ERAS AND POPULATION ESTIMATES

The era of the '' Tosafot '', Medieval commentators on the Talmud , ends (began 1100 ).

The population of Bushmen in Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho ) is estimated at 125,000.

The Japanese Era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.

BIRTHS

September 27 - John II, Duke Of Brabant (died 1312 )

William Of Alnwick , Franciscan Theologian (approximate date; died 1333 )

Bartholomew De Badlesmere, 1st Lord Badlesmere (died 1322 )

Walter V Of Brienne , Duke of Athens (approximate date; died 1311 )

Edward Bruce , Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died 1318 )

Dnyaneshwar , Hindu saint and poet (died 1296 )

Gediminas, Duke Of Lithuania (approximate date; died 1341 )

Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (approximate date; died 1313 )

Mondino De Liuzzi , Italian physician and anatomist (died 1326 )

John Menteith , Scottish nobleman (approximate date; died 1323 )

Giovanni Villani , Florentine writer (approximate date; died 1348 )

Giovanni D'Andrea , Italian jurist

DEATHS

April 13 - Eleanor Of England (born 1215 )

September 24 - Humphrey De Bohun, 2nd Earl Of Hereford , Constable of England (born 1208 )

Bohemund VI Of Antioch (born 1237 )

Ferdinand De La Cerda, Infante Of Castile , Crown Prince of Castile

IN FICTION

The fictional Balkan country of Syldavia , appearing in several of Hergé 's Tintin stories, drive away the occupying power of (also fictional) Borduria .