1253

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1253

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1253

EVENTS

Europe

War and politics

July 6 - Mindaugas is crowned as King of Lithuania .

July - William II, Count Of Holland defeats the Flemish army at Westkapelle .

A series of Naval Wars begins between the Italian City-state s of Genoa and Venice , which will continue sporadically until 1371 .

King Henry III Of England meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta .

Pope Innocent IV returns to Rome , having left nine years earlier in 1244 to depose Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor , and being unable to return until after Frederick's death due to the agitation throughout Europe caused by that action.

Having rebuffed the armed forces of Conrad IV Of Germany , Pope Innocent IV offers Sicily to Edmund, son of King Henry III Of England .

Galicia becomes a vassal state to the expanding Mongol Empire .

Culture

Matthew Paris writes '' Historia Anglorum '', a work on English history.

The Basilica Of San Francesco , the earliest important structure in the Italian Gothic style of Architecture , is completed in Assisi , Italy.

Sligo Abbey is built in Sligo , Ireland .

The Domus Conversorum , a building and institution in London for Jew s who had converted to Christianity , is established by King Henry III Of England .

Asia

April 28 - Nichiren , a Japan ese Buddhist monk, declares his attention to preach the Lotus Sutra and '' Nam Myoho Renge Kyo '' as the true Buddhism, essentially founding the branch of Buddhism now known as Nichiren Buddhism .

May - King Louis IX Of France dispatches William Of Rubruck from Constantinople on a missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia. Later that year, William records the first recorded meeting between Europe an Christian s and Buddhists .

The Mongol Empire launches attacks on the Muslim cities of Baghdad and Cairo .

The Mongol Empire destroys the Kingdom Of Dali (''Yunnan'') in Laos and incorporates the region into their empire.

Kublai Khan introduces the '' Baisha Xiyue '' song and dance suite to the Music Of Yunnan .

The Chinese Era ''Baoyou'' begins in the Northern Song Dynasty of China .

BIRTHS

October 17 - Saint Ivo Of Kermartin , French canon lawyer

John I, Duke Of Brabant (died 1294 )

Hugh II Of Cyprus (died 1267 )

DEATHS

January 19 - Dogen , Japanese founder of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism

August 11 - Clare Of Assisi , Italian follower of Francis Of Assisi (born 1194 )

October 9 - Robert Grosseteste , English statesman and theologian

Wenceslaus I, King Of Bohemia

Theobald IV Of Champagne (born 1201 )

Saint Richard Of Chichester

King Henry I Of Cyprus (born 1217 )

Amadeus IV Of Savoy (born 1197 )

SEE ALSO

List Of State Leaders In 1253